Section of Sensory Science, and Metabolism

Our senses are essential for us to interact with the world. Our five senses–sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell work closely to enable the mind to understand its surroundings better. In humans, chemical senses mediate safety, nutrition, the sensation of pleasure, and general well-being. Taste, olfaction, and chemesthesis (refers to chemical irritation from the burning of chili peppers, the cooling of menthol, and the tingling of soda) are involved in the perception of flavor for food and beverages. Chemosensory perceptions, which can influence food/beverage choices and consumption, may be altered and differ in individuals with obesity and alcohol use disorder. Given that both obesity and excessive alcohol consumption are major public health issues, our lab focuses on these two disorders to further characterize how the chemical senses may be contributing to the mechanism of alcohol consumption and overeating. Currently, little is known about the underlying neurobiological and molecular mechanisms causing variations in the chemosensory systems in individuals with obesity and alcohol use disorder, limiting the interventions currently available to address these critical issues.

Mission Statement

The Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism (SenSMet) aims to understand neuronal and molecular mechanisms underlying chemosensation (taste, smell & chemesthesis), in addition to understanding motivational and reward pathways of ingestive behaviors and how they might differ in individuals with obesity and alcohol and substance use disorders. We are particularly interested in studying how the brain incorporates chemosensory information from the external environment and its internal states to guide eating/ingestive behavior. To achieve this goal, our laboratory conducts clinical-translational inpatient and outpatient studies. We use a combination of biobehavioral and innovative validated psychophysical methods for human studies. We also use imaging brain techniques, such as fMRI for olfaction and gustation. To provide mechanistic insight into our clinical research, we are also conducting preclinical studies using rodent models to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms that influence how the brain perceives the chemical senses (taste, smell, chemesthesis) and feeding behavior in a state of disease (e.g., obesity and substance use disorders). The SenSMet lab is currently investigating the interplay among biological and behavioral components of chemosensation in the context of diseases, with a particular emphasis on metabolic disorders like obesity and brain diseases, particularly alcohol and substance use disorders, given that both obesity and alcohol and substance use disorders share common brain mechanisms associated with the chemical senses. Besides, due to reports of taste and smell loss from individuals affected by COVID-19, our lab began investigating chemosensation and COVID-19. We want to understand the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the chemical senses.

We are addressing the following questions:

• How is chemosensation altered in AUD and obesity and what molecular pathways are perturbated associated with chemosensation?
• How processing of taste (fat, salt, umami, bitter, and sour) and smell in the brain influences hedonic responses, eating and alcohol seeking behaviors?
• What are mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 affects the chemical senses?

SenSmet Protocols

1. Mechanisms Underlying Individual Variations of Taste and Smell in Obesity
2. Individual Variations of Taste and Smell Perception in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

Collaborative Protocols:

1. Unit and Clinic Evaluation, Screening, Assessment and Management (14-AA-0181)
2. Exploring Gut-Brain and Brain-Gut Interactions in Alcohol Use Disorder via Microbiota Investigations: A Pilot Study (17-AA-0093)
3. COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol and Related Outcomes
4. Transmissibility and viral load of SARS-COV2 through oral secretions
5. Brain Dopamine Function in Human Obesity (18-DK-0132)
6. GENE-FORECASTSM: Genomics, Environmental Factors and Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease in African-Americans Study (14-HG-0048)

Alumni 

Postdoctoral Fellows

• Carlotta Vizioli, PhD, Postdoctoral Visiting Fellow 2019-2021, Research Fellow, NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
• Markos Tesfaye, MD, PhD, Postdoctoral Visiting Fellow 2019-2021, Associate Professor of Psychiatry at
  Jimma University, Ethiopia

Postbaccalaurate Fellows 

• Alexis Franks, BS., Post -Bac IRTA Fellow 2017-2020, Doctor of Physical Therapy student at Duke University 
• Abhrarup (Abe) Roy, BS., Post -Bac IRTA Fellow 2017-2019, Medical Student, Cooper Hospital
• Brianna Brooks, BA, Postbaccalaureate IRTA, 2019-2021, PhD Student in Nutrition, Columbia University
• Rodrigo Ortiz, BS, Postbaccalaureate IRTA, NIH Academy 2019-2021, Medical Student at Ponce Health
  Sciences University
• Leann To, BS, Postbaccalaureate IRTA, NIH Academy 2021-2022, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
  PA, Master of Science in Genetic Counseling
• Christian McDuffie, BS, Postbaccalaureate IRTA, NIH Academy 2020-2022, Masters in Public Health, George
  Washington University

Summer Fellows 

• Emma Butturini, AMGEN Scholar, Summer Internship Program 2017 
• Miriam Weiss, BSN., Summer Internship Program 2018, PhD student University of Maryland 
• Kavisha Silva, Summer Internship Program 2018
• Natalia Iannarino, BS, Summer Internship Program 2019
• Erica Holland, Summer Internship Program 2019
   

Device Design for Emesis Collection During Taste Studies

Photos depict an adjustable metal device that allows for hands-free collection of taste testing expectorants in emesis bags. The device attaches to the tabletop with a clamp and has one arm holding the emesis bag open. The height of the bag from the floor is adjustable.

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