L’alcol interferisce con le vie di comunicazione del cervello e può influenzare il modo in cui appare e funziona. L’alcol rende più difficile per le aree cerebrali controllare l’equilibrio, la memoria, il linguaggio ed esprimere giudizi con conseguente maggiore probabilità di lesioni e altri esiti negativi. Il consumo a lungo termine di alcol causa alterazioni ai neuroni, come la riduzione...

الکل مسیرهای ارتباطی مغز را مختل می‌کند و ممکن است بر ظاهر و عملکرد مغز تاثیر بگذارد. الکل کارکرد نواحی مغزی مربوط به کنترل تعادل، حافظه، گفتار و قضاوت را مختل می‌کند و احتمال بروز آسیب و پیامدهای ناخوشایند را افزایش می‌دهد. مصرف زیاد و طولانی مدت الکل سبب ایجاد تغییراتی در نورون‌ها، مثلاً تغییر اندازه آنها، می‌شود. در ادامه...

Pretreating transplanted livers with the immune molecule interleukin-6 (IL-6) dramatically increased survival of rats receiving organs with fatty degeneration—a common condition in humans that typically reduces transplant viability. The results suggest a means of making it possible to use a higher percentage of available donor livers for transplantation in humans. With over three times as many Americans needing transplants as...

Mission Statement: Focuses on identifying the molecular components of intracellular signaling cascades. Ion Channel Modulation by Second Messenger Systems The Section on Transmitter Signaling focuses primarily on determining the molecular mechanisms underlying G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) modulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in neuronal systems using electrophysiological, optical, molecular, and biochemical techniques. A consequence of modulation, which usually manifests as a...

Rượu cản trở các tuyến giao tiếp của não bộ và có thể ảnh hưởng đến hình dáng và hoạt động của não bộ. Rượu khiến các vùng não bộ kiểm soát khả năng giữ thăng bằng, trí nhớ, lời nói và khả năng phán đoán khó thực hiện chức năng của chúng hơn, dẫn đến khả năng bị thương...

NIAAA/COGA DATA AND BIOMATERIALS DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT-- WAVE I and WAVE II WHEREAS, the national Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism ("NIAAA") pursuant to its public health mission to identify and characterize the genetic basis of alcohol-related disorders supports research projects in which there is collection by scientific investigators and their relatives; WHEREAS, anonymous blood samples obtained from Wave I and/or...

The Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors is a Joint Laboratory of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) led by Dr. Veronica Alvarez. The Alvarez laboratory aims to understand the causes of substance use disorder (SUD). More specifically, we focus on the neuronal mechanisms that drive the high motivation to...

What we do Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a tremendous negative individual and global impact, and there is an urgent need to understand its etiology and to advance treatment for this devastating illness. Research on the clinical pharmacology of alcohol is necessary to explain how variability in alcohol response affects the risk of developing AUD. The premise underlying the research...

Mechanisms for mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver and tissue injury – Dr. Song and his lab members have studied regulations and roles of the two enzymes involved in metabolism of alcohol and acetaldehyde: the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). In particular, the functional implications of increased CYP2E1 and decreased ALDH2...

Our senses are essential for us to interact with the world. Our five senses–sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell work closely to enable the mind to understand its surroundings better. In humans, chemical senses mediate safety, nutrition, the sensation of pleasure, and general well-being. Taste, olfaction, and chemesthesis (refers to chemical irritation from the burning of chili peppers, the cooling...

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver diseases, leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer. The majority of patients with ALD also have moderate to severe alcohol use disorder (AUD). Our laboratory is investigating the immunological aspects and molecular pathogenesis of ALD and its associated liver cancer, and exploring novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of these...

What we do The Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core (CNIRC) serves two functions: Conducting independent addiction neuroimaging, neuropsychophysiological, and neuromodulation studies as well as providing expertise in these areas, through collaborations and support to clinical investigators. Research interests include: Investigate the neural correlates of cognition, emotions, decision making, motivation, impulsive and compulsive behaviors, and their association with alcohol use disorder (AUD)...

Research in the Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience (LIN) examines the role of particular molecules in control of actions, acute alcohol intoxication, alcohol seeking behavior, alcohol use disorder and habitual behavior. Another aim of research in LIN is to examine the molecular mechanisms of synaptic modulation and plasticity related to action and habit learning. An important unifying theme of research within...

What we do The Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics (CGET) conducts pre-clinical studies and translational clinical studies with focus on genomics and epigenetics related to the pathophysiology and treatment of alcohol use disorders and addictions. The pre-clinical work focuses on identifying molecular mechanisms involved in addictions, utilizing a wide array of methods including human population genetics, genome wide...

LNI uses brain imaging (PET, MRI and simultaneous PET/MRI) to study the neurocircuitry that underlies the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse and of natural reinforcers and their disruption in diseases of addiction and obesity. For this purpose we study how reward circuits modulate executive function (self-control), interoception, and motivation in the normal human brain including an understanding of the...

The mission of the lab is to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of fibrosis, to explore novel therapeutic targets and to develop effective pharmacotherapies for fibrotic disorders of different etiologies, including alcohol use disorders. We are particularly interested in pursuing a multi-target therapeutic approach to improve treatment efficacy by simultaneously engaging multiple pathogenic...

The principal mission of the lab is to develop selective probes and drug-like molecules to enable the study of molecular mechanisms in alcohol associated diseases. The lab aims to use medicinal chemistry and chemical biology approaches to design, synthesize and biologically characterize novel druggable tools for select GPCRs and enzymatic drug targets implicated in pain, inflammatory and fibrotic disorders. Our...

The overarching mission of the lab is to understand the neural basis of cognitive and emotional regulation and how these critical mental processes are mediated by discrete neural circuits and moderated in function by genetic variation and environmental insults, including stress and alcohol.

Human Neurogenetics identifies functional loci that modulate pathways to vulnerability to alcoholism, other addictions, and related psychiatric disorders. To accomplish this it generates clinical datasets and collaborates with multiple laboratories. Its activities encompass human research protocols, large scale SNP detection using massively parallel sequencing, array and capillary electrophoresis based genotyping, in vitro and in vivo functional analyses of receptor variants...

The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury (LCPTI) seeks to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the complex interplay of oxidative/nitrative stress, inflammation, lipid signaling (for example endocannabinoid signaling) and cell death pathways (e.g. poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase) in tissue injury, and to identify new therapeutic targets using clinically relevant animal models of disease (e.g., ischemia reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathies/heart failure...